Nature argues that a human/creature is born with certain psychological characteristics hard-wired into their brain, such as personality traits or some basic brain functions (like comprehension of color or music).

Nurture, on the other hand, argues that these characteristics are taught intentionally or learned subconsciously throughout life.

ATP is the energy that drives the entire photosynthetic process, derived from sunlight, water, and nutrients from the soil.

To share a common relative within a certain number of generations.

Such as, being the son/daughter/parent/grandparent/aunt/uncle/cousin of a person.

That's a question with a fairly obvious answer:

No.

Cellular respiration- a metabolic process, taking place inside the cells, that converts nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is used as energy for cell functions.

Human respiration- breathing with one's lungs.

1861-1865, assuming you're referring to the American Civil War.

Otherwise, be more specific.